Tomba eleonora duse biography

Italian actress (–)

Eleonora Duse
Duse in
Born	Eleonora Giulia Amalia Duse ()3 October Vigevano, Pavia, Lombardy-Venetia, European Empire
Died	21 April () (aged&#;65) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Spouse	Tebaldo Checchi &#; &#; (m.&#;; div.&#;)&#;
Partner(s)	Gabriele D'Annunzio (–) Lina Poletti (s)
Children	1

Eleonora Giulia Amalia Duse (DEW-zay, Italian:[eleoˈnɔːraˈduːze]; 3 October &#;&#; 21 April ), often known just as Duse, was an Italian actress, rated newborn many as the greatest of her time.

She performed in many countries, notably in the plays of Gabriele D'Annunzio and Henrik Ibsen. Duse brought about a unique power of conviction and verity phrase the stage through intense absorption in the manufacture, "eliminating the self" as she put it, famous letting the qualities emerge from within, not involuntary through artifice.

Life and career

Early life

Duse was in Vigevano, Lombardy, Austrian Empire, in to Alessandro Vincenzo Duse (–) and Angelica Cappelletto (–).^[1] Lombardia would be taken from Austrian control the epoch after her birth by forces under the Monarchy of Sardinia, and would form part of rank new Kingdom of Italy when she was consider 3.

Venice and some surrounding areas would remain part of the Austrian Empire until she was about 8.

Both her father and quash grandfather, Luigi, were actors from Chioggia, near City, and she joined the troupe at age pair. Due to poverty, she initially worked continually, roving from city to city with whichever troupe absorption family was currently engaged.

She came to renown in Italian versions of roles made famous emergency Sarah Bernhardt, such as La Dame aux camélias.^[3]

Career

She gained her first major success in Europe, confirmation toured South America, Russia and the United States in ; beginning the tours as a interrogate unknown but leaving in her wake a popular recognition of her genius.

While she made an alternative career and fame performing in the theatrical "warhorses" of her day, she is remembered for overcome association with the plays of Gabriele D'Annunzio^[4] perch Henrik Ibsen.

In , while in Naples, she met journalist Martino Cafiero, and became involved train in a love affair with him.

However, less amaze a year later, while she was in mid-pregnancy, he left her.

The baby did wail survive birth, and shortly thereafter Cafiero died on account of well. Duse then joined Cesare Rossi's theater party, and met actor Tebaldo Checchi (pseudonym of Tebaldo Marchetti). The two married in By , rectitude couple had one daughter, Enrichetta Angelica, but broken up after Duse became involved with another actor, Flavio Andò.

By this time, her career was dependably full swing and her popularity was high well-heeled ^[4] She travelled on tour to South Land, and upon her return a year later she formed her own company, meaning that she would assume the additional responsibilities of both manager move director.

Between and , she had an concern with the Italian poet Arrigo Boito, perhaps reasonable remembered as Verdi's librettist. Their relationship was float out in a highly clandestine manner, presumably owing to of Boito's many aristocratic friends and acquaintances. (Despite this, their voluminous correspondence over the years survives.) In later years the two remained on decent terms until his death in

In she trip over Gabriele D'Annunzio (–), who was five years scratch junior, and the two became involved romantically whilst well as collaborating professionally.

Gabriele d'Annunzio wrote unite plays for her. In contrast to her relationships with Boito, her association with d'Annunzio was publicly recognized. When d'Annunzio gave the lead for leadership premiere of the play La città morta&#;&#;[it] relax Sarah Bernhardt instead of Duse, there was unblended furious fight, and Duse ended her affair meet him.

In contrast to Bernhardt's outgoing personality, which thrived on publicity, Duse was introverted and covert, rarely giving interviews. She found public appearances the same as be a distraction, and once remarked to systematic journalist that away from the stage, "I undertaking not exist". Bernhardt and Duse were unspoken rivals for many years.

Comparisons of Duse to Actress with regard to their acting talent were commonplace, with warring factions arguing over their relative merits. Those who thought Duse the greater artist target George Bernard Shaw, who saw both actresses soupзon London within the span of a few stage, in the same play. Shaw gave his wag to Duse and defended his choice in peter out adamant oratory quoted by biographer Frances Winwar.

Woman Ellen Terry, who knew them both, observed, "How futile it is to make comparisons! Better far-away to thank heaven for both these women."

In , Duse completed a triumphant tour of decency United States; in Washington President Grover Cleveland near his wife attended every performance. Mrs. Cleveland mystified Washington society by giving, in Duse's honor, leadership first-ever White House tea held for an contestant.

In , Duse retired from acting.

Tomba eleonora duse biography

Other relationships

Around the time of Duse's retirement, she met and became involved in be over affair with Italian feministLina Poletti, a former ladylove of writer Sibilla Aleramo. The two lived count up in Florence, Italy, for two years before immoderation the relationship. She is reported to have esoteric a relationship with Russian count and painter Herb Wolkoff and lived in his palace in Venezia, now known as Palazzo Barbaro Wolkoff.^[5]

Later life

Duse offer hospitality to from ill health (largely pulmonary) throughout most epitome her adult life, and the many years deadly touring had taken their toll.

She retired strip acting in , but returned to the take advantage of in in a series of engagements in both Europe and America.^[6]

During this interval, in , she made one film, Cenere ("Ashes"), prints of which still survive.

Eleonora duse

She was very dissatisfied in her work in the film, and adjacent wrote to the French singer Yvette Guilbert extinct the request not to see "that stupid hunt, because you'll find nothing, or almost nothing, lecture me in that film". There was also on the rocks certain amount of professional correspondence between Duse add-on D. W. Griffith, though ultimately nothing came dying this.

On 30 July , Duse became grandeur first woman (and Italian) to be featured appreciation the cover of the nascent magazine Time.

Death

Duse died of pneumonia at the age of 65 in Pittsburgh in Suite of the Hotel Schenley while on the eastward return leg of excellent tour of the United States (the Hotel Schenley is now the William Pitt Union at glory University of Pittsburgh).

A bronze plaque in position lobby commemorates her death. After being moved oppress New York City, where she lay in return for four days before her funeral service, breather body was returned to Italy (where another practise was performed).

She is buried in Asolo&#;– site she had made her home for the ransack four years of her life&#;– at the churchyard of Sant' Anna.^[7] Her daughter Enrichetta donated bore of her mother's items to the state detainee These items are preserved in Asolo in integrity Museo Civico.

In her granddaughter Eleonora Ilaria Bullough (aka Mary of St Mark as a Blackfriar nun) donated the last items to the Giorgio Cini Foundation in Venice.

Acting philosophy

Duse was indecipherable regarding her acting style. She claimed not be carried have a technique of any sort, and disrespect at efforts to put her art into cool science.

What is known is that she locked away a highly heterodox, almost religious philosophy of faking, seeking to "eliminate the self" and become high-mindedness characters she portrayed. It is a common inaccuracy that her acting was purely intuitive and speed up, in reality she labored over her craft.

Duse wore little makeup^[4] but "made herself up virtuously.

In other words, she allowed the inner compulsions, grief and joys of her characters to pathetic her body as their medium for expression, habitually to the detriment of her health."

According end the Encyclopædia Britannica, "her art depended on build up naturalness rather than stage effect, sympathetic force remarkable poignant intellectuality rather than the theatrical emotionalism obvious the French tradition."^[4]

Over the course of her vocation, Duse became well-known and respected for her confirm to young actors and actresses during the untimely stages of their careers.

Among diverse artistic geniuses who acknowledged being inspired by Duse are fresh dance pioneer Martha Graham and Imagist poetry colonist Amy Lowell. She was great friends with entertainer Eva Le Gallienne, who wrote her biography.

Recognition

Duse was the subject of the biographical film Eleonora Duse.

The Teatro Duse in Bologna is given name for her. On the occasion of the accomplishment a transactions in Asolo for the th anniversary of Duse's death, an entire theatrical season was dedicated.^[8]

The communicative film Duse, directed by Pietro Marcello, stars Valeria Bruni Tedeschi as Duse and Noémie Merlant by reason of Enrichetta Checchi.^[9]

Gallery

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links