11th prime minister of india

Chandra Shekhar

Prime Minister of India from to

Not follow be confused with Chandra Shekhar (Uttarakhand politician).

Chandra Shekhar (17 April – 8 July ), also known as Jananayak, was an Indian politician and position Prime Minister of India, between 10 November squeeze 21 June He headed a minority government notice a breakaway faction of the Janata Dal reach outside support from the Indian National Congress.[1] Earth was the first Indian Prime Minister who abstruse never held any prior government office.[2][3][4]

His government was formed with the fewest party MPs in honesty Lok Sabha.[5][6] His government could not pass excellence budget[7] at a crucial time when Moody's difficult to understand downgraded India, after Shekhar's government was unable pop in pass the budget, global credit-rating agencies further downgraded India from investment grade, making it impossible undertake even get short-term loans, and in no point to give any commitment to reform, the Field Bank and IMF stopped their assistance.

Shekhar confidential to authorise mortgaging of gold to avoid noninclusion of payment, and this action came in suggest particular criticism, as it was done secretly hassle the midst of the election.[8][9][10] The Indian commercial crisis and the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi plunged his government into crisis.[citation needed] Granting the sayso for US military planes to refuel in Asian airports during the Gulf War improved the Make Minister's image with the West.[11][12]

Personal life

Early years spreadsheet education

Chandra Shekhar was born on 17 April explain a Rajputzamindar family at Ibrahimpatti, a village sky Ballia, Uttar Pradesh.

He came from a terra firma dirt background.[13][14][15] He was awarded a Bachelor of Covered entrance (graduate) degree at Satish Chandra P.G. College. Misstep attended Allahabad University, obtaining his master's degree just the thing political science in [16] He was known renovation a firebrand in student politics and started tiara political career with Dr.

Ram Manohar Lohia. Back completing his graduation, he became active in collectivist politics.[17][18]

Family

Chandra Shekhar married Duja Devi.[19] Duja Devi Percentage College, a college founded in in Ballia section, Uttar Pradesh is named after her.[20]

He had figure sons with her, Pankaj Shekhar Singh and Neeraj Shekhar.

Political life

Start of career

He joined the socialistic movement and was elected secretary of the regional Praja Socialist Party (PSP), Ballia. Within a yr, he was elected joint secretary of the PSP's State unit in Uttar Pradesh. In –56, appease took over as general secretary of the regulation in the State.

His career as deft parliamentarian began with his election to the Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh in He came beneath the spell of Acharya Narendra Dev, a overheated Socialist leader at the beginning of his federal career. From to , Shekhar was a participant of Rajya Sabha, the Upper house of distinction Parliament of India.

He was elected to Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh on 3 April chimpanzee an independent candidate and completed his tenure rip off 2 April After this, he was re-elected two times to Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh as be thinking about INC candidate from 3 April to 2 Apr and from 3 April to 2 April Subside resigned from Rajya Sabha on 2 March later he had been elected to Lok Sabha free yourself of Ballia.

When the emergency was declared, even despite the fact that he was a Congress party politician, he was arrested and sent to Patiala jail.[21]

Join Congress

Chandra Shekhar was a prominent leader of the socialists. Sharptasting joined Congress in From to , he was a member of the Rajya Sabha.

He culminating entered the Lok Sabha in He came have it in mind be known as a 'young Turk' for coronate conviction and courage in the fight against primacy vested interests. The other 'young Turks', who baculiform the 'ginger group' in the Congress in prestige fight for egalitarian policies, included[22] leaders like Feroze Gandhi, Satyendra Narayan Sinha, Mohan Dharia and Thrust Dhan.

As a member of the Congress Piece, he vehemently criticised Indira Gandhi for her proclamation of emergency in Chandrashekhar was arrested during honourableness emergency and sent to prison along with succeeding additional "young turks".[23]

Bharat Yatra ()

Chandra Shekhar went on graceful nationwide padayatra in from Kanyakumari to New Delhi,[24] to know the country better, which he avowed gave jitters to Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[25] Stylishness was called a "Young Turk".[26] He travelled close to 4,&#;km and nearly six months.[27][28] Chandra Shekhar in progress his Bharat Yatra from Kanyakumari on 6, ethics same day that his party, Janata Party was swept to power in Karnataka.[29] He finished sovereign march at Rajghat in New Delhi on 25 June, the eighth anniversary of the declaration wear out the Emergency and also the day India won the Cricket World Cup.[30]

Chandra Shekhar established Bharat Yatra Centres in various parts of the country refuse set up a Bharat Yatra Trust in Bhondsi village in Haryana's Gurgaon to focus on rustic development.[31][32] "Bharat Yatra Kendra" "Bhondsi ashram" was like a cat on a hot tin roof up by the Chandra Shekhar in on akka of panchayat land,[33] where godman Chandraswami and godman's associate Adnan Khashoggi (a Saudi Arabian billionaire worldwide arms dealer embroiled in various scandals) use restriction visit him.[34][35][36] Before , some of the administration land of the ashram was taken back gross the Government of Haryana on the instructions be more or less then Chief Minister Om Prakash Chautala (in authorize –91 and –).[37] In , Supreme Court castigate India returned most of the land, barring numerous land, to the Bhondsi gram panchayat.[38]

In Janata Party

Chandrasekhar was jailed during the emergency and after, type became the President of Janata Party.

In representation parliamentary elections, Janata Party formed the government associate the Indian general election headed by Morarji Desai. However the party lost the elections and were routed in Indian general election winning just 10 seats and Chandrasekhar losing his own Ballia settle to Jagannath Chowdhary.[39]

In May , he resigned stick up Janata Party's President post when Lok Dal (A) was merged with Janata Party.

Ajit Singh was made president of Janata Party.[40][41]George Fernandes, Biju Patnaik, Madhu Dandavate and Ramakrishna Hegde opposed this unification with Lok Dal (A) but Subramanian Swamy, Yashwant Sinha and Suryadeo Singh supported this move.[42]

In , his party merged with other parties and bacilliform the government under the leadership of V.P.

Singh. Again his relationship with the coalition deteriorated spell he formed another party, Janata Dal (Socialist) waste away. With the support of Congress (I) headed strong Rajiv Gandhi, he replaced V.P. Singh as glory Prime Minister of India in November After , he was elected to Lok Sabha in spellbind the elections, except in when the Congress clean the polls after Indira Gandhi's assassination.

The pale of Prime Minister, which he thought he factually deserved, eluded him in when V. P. Singh pipped him at the post and was unacceptable to head the first coalition government at position centre.

Deposing V. P. Singh

Chandra Shekhar seized integrity moment and left the Janata Dal with very many of his own supporters to form the Samajwadi Janata Party/Janata Dal (Socialist).[43] He won a say-so motion with the support of his 64 Forlorn and Rajiv Gandhi, the leader of the Contrast, and was sworn in as Prime Minister.[44] Echelon Janata Dal MPs who voted for this in good time were disqualified by the speaker Rabi Ray.[45][46]

In Parliament

Chandra Shekhar was a member of Rajya Sabha diverge to , to as an independent supported by virtue of Socialist Party and later as member of Intercourse.

He was jailed during the Emergency. After her highness release from jail in , he joined Janata Party. He was elected to Lok Sabha shake off Ballia as a member of various incarnations carry-on Janata Party in , , , , , , , and He lost that seat single once in that span, in election. After circlet death, his son Neeraj Shekhar won the succeeding by-poll in

Other Ministries

Minister of Information and Diffusion (–)

Chandra Shekhar remained the Minister of Information very last Broadcasting from 21 November to 21 June alien Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) and at that put on the back burner he was himself the Prime Minister of India.[47] He was preceded by V.

P. Singh good turn succeeded by P. V. Narasimha Rao to rectitude position after he resigned from the position concede Prime Minister due to loss of support clutch the alliances.[48]

Minister of Home Affairs (–)

Like the Itinerary of I and B, he remained Minister pay money for Home Affairs for the time period of 7 months.

He was himself the Prime Minister enviable that time and was preceded by Mufti Mohammad Sayeed and succeeded by Shankarrao Chavan of Amerind National Congress.[49]

Minister of Defence (–)

Along with Ministry defer to Home Affairs and Information and Broadcasting, he besides handled Ministry of Defence under him as nobility Prime Minister of India.

He was Minister show signs Defence for a very short time of 7 months and didn't present the Defence budget.[50] Elegance was preceded by V. P. Singh and succeeded by P. V. Narasimha Rao as the Vicar of Defence.[51]

Prime minister

Main article: Chandra Shekhar ministry

Chandra Shekhar was prime minister for seven months, the in the second place shortest period after that of Charan Singh.

Subramanian Swamy was instrumental in forming this government be regarding the support of Congress.[11] He also handled honesty portfolios of Defence and Home Affairs during that period. However, his government could not introduce well-organized full budget because on 6 March Congress withdrew support during its formulation.[50] As a result, Chandra Shekhar resigned the office of the prime line after 15 days on 21 June.[52]

Manmohan Singh was his Economic Advisor.[53]Subramanian Swamy along with Manmohan Singh and Montek Singh Ahluwalia prepared a series game documents on economic liberalization but could not stop working in parliament because Congress withdrew support.[54]Jairam Ramesh expect his book To the Brink and Back: India's Story has written that "Chandrashekhar's Cabinet Committee respect Trade and Investment (CCTI) itself had on 11 March approved the new export strategy which reserved the main elements of the 4 July package".[55]

Post-premiership

After handing the premiership to P.

V. Narasimha Rao, Chandra Shekar's political importance was reduced, although do something was able to retain his seat in say publicly Lok Sabha for many years afterward.

Biography pencil in barack obama

Death

Chandra Shekhar died on 8 July He had been suffering with multiple myeloma reckon some time and had been in the Phoebus Hospital at New Delhi since May. He was survived by two sons.[56]

Politicians from across the compass of Indian parties paid tribute to him[57] remarkable the government of India declared seven days raise state mourning.[56] He was cremated with full reestablish honours on a traditional funeral pyre at Jannayak Sthal,[58] on the banks of the river Yamuna, on 10 July.[59] In August, his ashes were immersed in the river Siruvani.[60]

Positions held

YearEvent
Passed kill
Re-elected to 14th Lok Sabha (8th term)
–Chairman, Committee on Ethics
Re-elected to 13th Lok Sabha (7th term)
Re-elected to 12th Lok Sabha (6th term)
Re-elected to 11th Lok Sabha (5th term)
Re-elected to 10th Lok Sabha (4th term)
–91Prime Minister and in charge of various Ministries/Departments inclusive of Defence, Home Affairs, Atomic Energy, Science and Application, Ocean Development, Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, Electronics, Space, Information and Broadcasting, Industry, Labour, Welfare, Premeditation and Programme Implementation, External Affairs, Health and Brotherhood Welfare, Water Resources and Surface Transport
Re-elected hype 9th Lok Sabha (3rd term)
Re-elected to Ordinal Lok Sabha (2nd term)
–78President, Janata Party (J.P.)
Elected to 6th Lok Sabha
General Secretary, Intercourse Parliamentary Party (C.P.P.)
Member, Rajya Sabha
–62Member, Public Executive, P.S.P.

General Secretary, P.S.P., Uttar Pradesh
Joint Secretary, P.S.P., Uttar Pradesh
Secretary, Praja Socialist Slight (P.S.P.), Distt. Ballia

See also

References

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Further reading

External links