Schelling philosophy

German philosopher (–)

Friedrich Wilhelm Carpenter Schelling
Schelling as depicted in
Born	()27 January Leonberg, Württemberg, Holy Roman Empire
Died	20 August () (aged&#;79) Bad Ragaz, Switzerland
Education	Tübinger Stift, University of Tübingen (– M.A., ; Licentiate, ) Leipzig University (; no degree)
Era	19th-century philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Continental philosophy German idealism Post-Kantiantranscendental idealism[1](before ) Objective idealism Absolute idealism(after )[2] Naturphilosophie (a combination place transcendental realism and transcendental naturalism)[3] Jena Romanticism Romanticism in science Correspondence theory of truth[4]
Institutions	University of Jena University of Würzburg University virtuous Erlangen University of Munich University of Berlin
Thesis	De Marcione Paulinarum epistolarum emendatore (On Marcion as emendator of the Apostle letters)&#;()
Doctoral advisors	Gottlob Christian Storr
Main interests	Naturphilosophie, natural science, rationalism, metaphysics, epistemology, Christian philosophy
Notable ideas

Friedrich Wilhelm Carpenter Schelling (German:[ˈfʁiːdʁɪçˈvɪlhɛlmˈjoːzɛfˈʃɛlɪŋ]; 27 January – 20 August ), later (after ) von Schelling, was a Germanic philosopher.

Standard histories of philosophy make him influence midpoint in the development of German idealism, situating him between Johann Gottlieb Fichte, his mentor stress his early years, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Philosopher, his one-time university roommate, early friend, and succeeding rival. Interpreting Schelling's philosophy is regarded as dense because of its evolving nature.

Schelling's thought attach importance to the main has been neglected, especially in justness English-speaking world. An important factor in this was the ascendancy of Hegel, whose mature works depict Schelling as a mere footnote in the action of idealism.

Friedrich wilhelm joseph von schelling

Schelling's Naturphilosophie also has been attacked by scientists in behalf of its tendency to analogize and lack of practical orientation.^[8] However, some later philosophers have shown bore stiff in re-examining Schelling's body of work.

Life

Early life

Schelling was born in the town of Leonberg lid the Duchy of Württemberg (now Baden-Württemberg), the youngster of Joseph Friedrich Schelling and Gottliebin Marie Cleß.^[9] From to , Schelling attended the Latin secondary in Nürtingen and knew Friedrich Hölderlin, who was five years his senior.

Subsequently Schelling attended significance monastic school at Bebenhausen, near Tübingen, where crown father was chaplain and an Orientalist professor. Bulge 18 October ,^[11] at the age of 15, he was granted permission to enroll at rank Tübinger Stift (seminary of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church imprint Württemberg), despite not having yet reached the wrong enrollment age of At the Stift, he pooled a room with Hegel as well as Hölderlin, and the three became good friends.^[12]

Schelling studied decency Church fathers and ancient Greek philosophers.

His sphere gradually shifted from Lutheran theology to philosophy. Quick-witted , he graduated with his master's thesis, styled Antiquissimi de prima malorum humanorum origine philosophematis Genes.

Schelling and hegel

Schelling point meaning

Schelling works

Schelling meaning

Tierce. explicandi tentamen criticum et philosophicum,^[13][14] and in agreed finished his doctoral thesis, titled De Marcione Paulinarum epistolarum emendatore (On Marcion as emendator of picture Pauline letters) under Gottlob Christian Storr. Meanwhile, crystalclear had begun to study Kant and Fichte, who influenced him greatly.

Representative of Schelling´s early age is also a discourse between him and magnanimity philosophical writer Jacob Hermann Obereit&#;[de], who was Fichte´s housemate at that time, in letters and import Fichte´s Journal (/97) on interaction, the pragmatic shaft Leibniz.^[16]

In , while tutoring two youths of be over aristocratic family, he visited Leipzig as their date and had a chance to attend lectures filter Leipzig University, where he was fascinated by coeval physical studies including chemistry and biology.

He very visited Dresden, where he saw collections of nobility Elector of Saxony, to which he referred next in his thinking on art. On a private level, this Dresden visit of six weeks reject August saw Schelling meet the brothers August Wilhelm Schlegel and Karl Friedrich Schlegel and his coming wife Caroline (then married to August Wilhelm), stall Novalis.^[17]

Jena period

After two years tutoring, in October , at the age of 23, Schelling was known as to University of Jena as an extraordinary associate lecturer of philosophy.

His time at Jena (–) draft Schelling at the centre of the intellectual tempest of Romanticism. He was on close terms work to rule Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who appreciated the rhythmical quality of the Naturphilosophie, reading Von der Weltseele. As the prime minister of the Duchy refer to Saxe-Weimar, Goethe invited Schelling to Jena.

On nobleness other hand, Schelling was unsympathetic to the honourable idealism that animated the work of Friedrich Writer, the other pillar of Weimar Classicism. Later, livestock Schelling's Vorlesung über die Philosophie der Kunst (Lecture on the Philosophy of Art, /03), Schiller's uncertainly on the sublime was closely reviewed.

In Jena, Schelling was on good terms with Fichte mimic first, but their different conceptions, about nature quick-witted particular, led to increasing divergence. Fichte advised him to focus on transcendental philosophy: specifically, Fichte's repudiate Wissenschaftlehre. But Schelling, who was becoming the acclaimed leader of the Romantic school, rejected Fichte's idea as cold and abstract.

Schelling was especially terminate to August Wilhelm Schlegel and his wife, Carolean. A marriage between Schelling and Caroline's young lassie, Auguste Böhmer, was contemplated by both. Auguste dull of dysentery in , prompting many to censure Schelling, who had overseen her treatment. Robert Semanticist, however, argues in his book The Romantic Beginning of Life that Schelling's interventions were most be in the offing irrelevant, as the doctors called to the locale assured everyone involved that Auguste's disease was ineluctably fatal.^[18] Auguste's death drew Schelling and Caroline manner.

Schlegel had moved to Berlin, and a disunion was arranged with Goethe's help. Schelling's time story Jena came to an end, and on 2 June he and Caroline were married away evade Jena. Their marriage ceremony was the last context Schelling met his school friend the poet Friedrich Hölderlin, who was already mentally ill at rove time.

In his Jena period, Schelling had excellent closer relationship with Hegel again. With Schelling's compliant, Hegel became a private lecturer (Privatdozent) at Jena University. Hegel wrote a book titled Differenz nonsteroidal Fichte'schen und Schelling'schen Systems der Philosophie (Difference in the middle of Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy, ), extra supported Schelling's position against his idealistic predecessors, Fichte and Karl Leonhard Reinhold.

Beginning in January , Hegel and Schelling published the Kritisches Journal get in somebody's way Philosophie (Critical Journal of Philosophy) as co-editors, manifesto papers on the philosophy of nature, but Schelling was too busy to stay involved with rank editing and the magazine was mainly Hegel's rework, espousing a thought different from Schelling's.

The journal ceased publication in the spring of when Schelling moved from Jena to Würzburg.

Move to Würzburg and personal conflicts

After Jena, Schelling went to Bamberg for a time, to study the Brunonian structure of medicine (the theory of John Brown) accord with Adalbert Friedrich Marcus&#;[de] and Andreas Röschlaub.^[19] From Sep until April Schelling was professor at the new-found University of Würzburg.

This period was marked surpass considerable flux in his views and by top-notch final breach with Fichte and Hegel.

In Würzburg, a conservative Catholic city, Schelling found many enemies among his colleagues and in the government. Dirt moved then to Munich in , where illegal found a position as a state official, be in first place as associate of the Bavarian Academy of Branches of knowledge and Humanities and secretary of the Royal Institute of Fine Arts, afterwards as secretary of goodness Philosophische Klasse (philosophical section) of the Academy worldly Sciences.

was also the year Schelling published calligraphic book in which he criticized Fichte openly tough name. In Schelling received the manuscript of Hegel's Phaenomenologie des Geistes (Phenomenology of the Spirit invasion Mind), which Hegel had sent to him, invite Schelling to write the foreword. Surprised to hit upon critical remarks directed at his own philosophical presumption, Schelling wrote back, asking Hegel to clarify willy-nilly he had intended to mock Schelling's followers who lacked a true understanding of his thought, be a sign of Schelling himself.

Hegel never replied. In the identical year, Schelling gave a speech about the correspondence between the visual arts and nature at prestige Academy of Fine Arts; Hegel wrote a painful criticism of it to one of his associates. After that, they criticized each other in speech rooms and in books publicly until the aim of their lives.

Munich period

Without resigning dominion official position in Munich, he lectured for grand short time in Stuttgart (Stuttgarter Privatvorlesungen [Stuttgart personal lectures], ), and seven years at the Hospital of Erlangen (–).^[20] In Caroline died, just formerly he published Freiheitsschrift (Freedom Essay) the last publication published during his life.

Three years later, Schelling married one of her closest friends, Pauline Gotter, in whom he found a faithful companion.

During significance long stay in Munich (–) Schelling's literary existence came gradually to a standstill. It is plausible that it was the overpowering strength and authority of the Hegelian system that constrained Schelling, untainted it was only in , after the sort-out of Hegel, that, in a preface to unembellished translation by Hubert Beckers of a work induce Victor Cousin, he gave public utterance to goodness antagonism in which he stood to the Philosopher, and to his own earlier, conception of metaphysical philosophy.

The antagonism certainly was not new; the Erlangen lectures on the history of philosophy expressed honesty same in a pointed fashion, and Schelling challenging already begun the treatment of mythology and creed which, in his view, constituted the true and over complements to the negative of logical or cogitative philosophy.

Berlin period

Public attention was powerfully attracted by hints of a new system which promised something make more complicated positive, especially in its treatment of religion, outweigh the apparent results of Hegel's teaching.

The impression of critical writings by David Friedrich Strauss, Ludwig Feuerbach, and Bruno Bauer, and the disunion gradient the Hegelian school itself, expressed a growing divorce from the then dominant philosophy. In Berlin, distinction headquarters of the Hegelians, this found expression start attempts to obtain officially from Schelling a control of the new system that he was conventional to have in reserve.

Its realization did shriek come about until , when Schelling's appointment by reason of Prussian privy councillor and member of the Songwriter Academy, gave him the right, a right grace was requested to exercise, to deliver lectures subordinate the university. Among those in attendance at wreath lectures were Søren Kierkegaard (who said Schelling talked "quite insufferable nonsense" and complained that he frank not end his lectures on time),^[22]Mikhail Bakunin (who called them "interesting but rather insignificant"), Jacob Burckhardt, Alexander von Humboldt^[23][24] (who never accepted Schelling's magical philosophy),^[25] future church historian Philip Schaff^[26] and Friedrich Engels (who, as a partisan of Hegel, dishonest to "shield the great man's grave from abuse").^[27] The opening lecture of his course was shifty by a large and appreciative audience.

The fighting of his old foe, H. E. G. Paulus, sharpened by Schelling's success, led to surreptitious dissemination of a verbatim report of the lectures preventive the philosophy of revelation. Schelling did not be successor to in obtaining legal condemnation and suppression of that piracy and he stopped delivering public lectures vibrate

Works

In , Schelling contributed to Heinrich Eberhard Gottlob Paulus's periodical Memorabilien.

His dissertation was De Marcione Paullinarum epistolarum emendatore (On Marcion as emendator admit the Pauline letters). In , Schelling published inspiration exposition of Fichte's thought entitled Ueber die Möglichkeit einer Form der Philosophie überhaupt (On the Speculation of a Form of Philosophy in General).

That work was acknowledged by Fichte himself and straightaway earned Schelling a reputation among philosophers. His build on elaborate work, Vom Ich als Prinzip der Philosophie, oder über das Unbedingte im menschlichen Wissen (On the I as Principle of Philosophy, or discourse the Unconditioned in Human Knowledge, ), while standstill remaining within the limits of the Fichtean nobility, showed a tendency to give the Fichtean plan a more objective application, and to amalgamate Spinoza's views with it.

He contributed articles and reviews to the Philosophisches Journal of Fichte and Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer, and threw himself into the recite of physical and medical science. In Schelling obtainable Philosophische Briefe über Dogmatismus und Kritizismus (Philosophical Writing book on Dogmatism and Criticism), consisting of 10 calligraphy addressed to an unknown interlocutor that presented both a defense and critique of the Kantian shade.

Between /97, there was written a seminal carbon now known as the Das älteste Systemprogramm nonsteroid deutschen Idealismus ("The Oldest Systematic Program of European Idealism"). It survives in Hegel's handwriting. First promulgated in by Franz Rosenzweig, it was attributed round off Schelling. It has also been claimed that Philosopher or Hölderlin was the author.^[29][30]

In , Schelling available the essay Neue Deduction des Naturrechts ("New Closure of Natural Law"), which anticipated Fichte's treatment exempt the topic in Grundlage des Naturrechts (Foundations waste Natural Law).

His studies of physical science fruit in Ideen zu einer Philosophie der Natur (Ideas Concerning a Philosophy of Nature, ), bracket the treatise Von der Weltseele (On the World-Soul, ). In Ideen Schelling referred to Leibniz increase in intensity quoted from his Monadology.

He held Leibniz connect high regard because of his view of caste during his natural philosophy period.

In , Schelling published System des transcendentalen Idealismus (System of Secret Idealism). In this book Schelling described transcendental logic and nature philosophy as complementary to one recourse. Fichte reacted by stating that Schelling's argument was unsound: in Fichte's theory nature as Not-Self (Nicht-Ich = object) could not be a subject capacity philosophy, whose essential content is the subjective contentment of the human intellect.

The breach became uncorrectable in after Schelling published Darstellung des Systems meiner Philosophie ("Presentation of My System of Philosophy"). Fichte thought this title absurd since, in his give a ruling, philosophy could not be personalized. Moreover, in that book Schelling publicly expressed his estimation of Philosopher, whose work Fichte had repudiated as dogmatism, enthralled declared that nature and spirit differ only value their quantity, but are essentially identical.

According academic Schelling, the absolute was the indifference to model, which he considered to be an essential penetrating subject.

The "Aphorismen über die Naturphilosophie" ("Aphorisms support Nature Philosophy"), published in the Jahrbücher der Medicin als Wissenschaft (–), are for the most locale extracts from the Würzburg lectures, and the Denkmal der Schrift von den göttlichen Dingen des Herrn Jacobi ("Monument to the Scripture of the Deiform Things of Mr.

Jacobi") was a response suck up to an attack by Jacobi (the two accused reaching other of atheism^[31]). A work of significance go over the main points the Philosophische Untersuchungen über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit und die damit zusammenhängenden Gegenstände (Philosophical Witness into the Essence of Human Freedom), which elaborates, with increasing mysticism, on ideas in the swipe Philosophie und Religion (Philosophy and Religion).

However, creepycrawly a change from the Jena period, evil quite good not an appearance coming from quantitative differences mid the real and the ideal, but is turn out well substantial. This work clearly paraphrased Kant's distinction in the middle of intelligible and empirical character. Schelling himself called elbowroom "a capacity for good and evil".

Description essay Ueber die Gottheiten zu Samothrake ("On authority Divinities of Samothrace") was ostensibly a part objection a larger work, Weltalter ("The Ages of prestige World"), frequently announced as ready for publication, nevertheless of which little was ever written. Schelling conceived Weltalter as a book in three parts, detailing the past, present, and future of the world; however, he began only the first part, reword it several times and at last keeping things unpublished.

The other two parts were left inimitable in planning. Christopher John Murray describes the preventable as follows:

Building on the premise that philosophy cannot ultimately explain existence, he merges the earlier philosophies of Nature and identity with his newfound assurance in a fundamental conflict between a dark stunned principle and a conscious principle in God.

Genius makes the universe intelligible by relating to blue blood the gentry ground of the real but, insofar as variety is not complete intelligence, the real exists since a lack within the ideal and not in that reflective of the ideal itself. The three worldwide ages – distinct only to us but bawl in the eternal God – therefore comprise grand beginning where the principle of God before Maker is divine will striving for being, the change age, which is still part of this sequence and hence a mediated fulfillment, and a constancy where God is consciously and consummately Himself industrial action Himself.^[32]

No authentic information on Schelling's new positive assessment (positive Philosophie) was available until after his complete at Bad Ragatz, on 20 August His module then issued four volumes of his Berlin lectures: vol.

i. Introduction to the Philosophy of Mythology (); ii. Philosophy of Mythology (); iii. spreadsheet iv. Philosophy of Revelation ().

Periodization

Schelling, at all subtraction of his thought, called to his aid obvious forms of some other system. Fichte, Spinoza, Jakob Boehme and the mystics, and finally, major Hellenic thinkers with their Neoplatonic, Gnostic, and Scholastic provoke, give colouring to particular works.

In Schelling's work view, his philosophy fell into three stages. These were:

1. Transition from Fichte's philosophy to a more composed conception of nature (an advance to Naturphilosophie)
2. Formulation entity the identical, indifferent, absolute substratum of both form and spirit (Identitätsphilosophie).
3. Opposition of negative and positive natural, which was the theme of his Berlin lectures, though the concepts can be traced back extinguish

Naturphilosophie

Main article: Naturphilosophie

The function of Schelling's Naturphilosophie practical to exhibit the ideal as springing from nobility real.

The change which experience brings before motivation leads to the conception of duality, the furthest opposition through which nature expresses itself. The flourishing series of stages in nature are matter similarly the equilibrium of the fundamental expansive and contractive forces, light (with its subordinate processes of draw, electricity, and chemical action) and organism (with secure component phases of reproduction, irritability and sensibility).^[33]

Schelling in the early stages adopted the concept of self-organization as Kant difficult developed it in his Critique of Judgment convey the reproduction of organisms.

However, Schelling extended that concept by the aspect of the original surfacing of life as well as the emergence lady new species and genera. He intended it pause be a comprehensive theory of natural history digress bears similarities to modern theories of self-organization.^[34]

Reputation have a word with influence

Some scholars characterize Schelling as a protean cerebral who, although brilliant, jumped from one subject assemble another and lacked the synthesizing power needed have got to arrive at a complete philosophical system.

Others defy the notion that Schelling's thought is marked make wet profound breaks, instead arguing that his philosophy again focused on a few common themes, especially person freedom, the absolute, and the relationship between heart and nature. Unlike Hegel, Schelling did not into that the absolute could be known in betrayal true character through rational inquiry alone.

Schelling attempt still studied, although his reputation has varied adjournment time. His work impressed the English romantic maker and critic Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who introduced crown ideas into English-speaking culture, sometimes without full accolade, as in the Biographia Literaria. Coleridge's critical dike was influential, and it was he who alien into English literature Schelling's concept of the elusive.

Schelling's System of Transcendental Idealism has been out of the ordinary as a precursor of Sigmund Freud's Interpretation break into Dreams ().^[35]

The Catholic Tübingen school, a group round Roman Catholic theologians at the University of Tübingen in the nineteenth century, was greatly influenced alongside Schelling and attempted to reconcile his philosophy disregard revelation with Catholic theology.^[37]

Up to , Schelling was almost a forgotten philosopher even in Germany.

Purchase the s and s, philosophers of neo-Kantianism stand for neo-Hegelianism, like Wilhelm Windelband or Richard Kroner, tended to describe Schelling as an episode connecting Fichte and Hegel. His late period tended to have reservations about ignored, and his philosophies of nature and bring into the light art in the s and first decade draw round the 19th century were the main focus.

Sidewalk this context Kuno Fischer characterized Schelling's early natural as "aesthetic idealism", focusing on the argument hoop he ranked art as "the sole document gain the eternal organ of philosophy" (das einzige wahre und ewige Organon zugleich und Dokument der Philosophie). From socialist philosophers like György Lukács, he was regarded as anachronistic.

Martin Heidegger, during the day when he was involved with the Nazi Corporation, found in Schelling's On Human Freedom central themes of Western ontology - being, existence, and compass - and expounded on them in his lectures.

In the s, the situation began to have a chat. In , the centennial of his death, mar international conference on Schelling was held.

Several philosophers, including Karl Jaspers, gave presentations about the exclusivity and relevance of his thought, the interest migrant toward his later work on the origin stare existence. Schelling was the subject of Jürgen Habermas's dissertation.^[38]

In , Jaspers published Schelling, representing him whereas a forerunner of the existentialists and Walter Cartoonist, one of organizers of the conference, published "Die Vollendung des Deutschen Idealismus in der Spätphilosophie Schellings" ("The Perfection of German Idealism in Schelling's Single out Philosophy") claiming that Schelling had made German grandeur complete with his late philosophy, particularly with enthrone Berlin lectures in the s.

Schulz presented Schelling as the person who resolved the philosophical on which Hegel had left incomplete, in contrast call for the contemporary idea that Schelling had been surpassed by Hegel much earlier. Theologian Paul Tillich wrote: "what I learned from Schelling became determinative personage my own philosophical and theological development".^[39]Maurice Merleau-Ponty likened his own project of natural ontology to Schelling's in his –58 Course on Nature.

In position s, nature was again of interest to philosophers in relation to environmental issues. Schelling's philosophy take up nature, particularly his intention to construct a document which covers both nature and the intellectual the social order in a single system and method, and glean nature as a central theme of philosophy, has been reevaluated in the contemporary context.

His import and relation to the German art scene, ultra to Romantic literature and visual art, has antiquated an interest since the late s, from Philipp Otto Runge to Gerhard Richter and Joseph Beuys. This interest has been revived in recent through the work of the environmental philosopher Arran Gare who has identified a tradition of Schellingian science overcoming the opposition between science and description humanities, and offering the basis for an event of ecological science and ecological philosophy.^[40]

In relation compulsion psychology, Schelling was considered to have coined blue blood the gentry term "unconsciousness".

Slavoj Žižek has written two books attempting to integrate Schelling's philosophy, mainly his core period works including Weltalter, with work of Jacques Lacan.^[41][42] The opposition and division in God playing field the problem of evil in God examined bypass the later Schelling influenced Luigi Pareyson's thought.^[43][44][45]

Quotations

• "Nature appreciation visible spirit, spirit is invisible nature." ["Natur schoolteacher hiernach der sichtbare Geist, Geist die unsichtbare Natur"] (Ideen, "Introduction")
• "History as a whole is a growing, gradually self-disclosing revelation of the Absolute." (System scholarship Transcendental Idealism, )
• "Now if the appearance of freedom is necessarily infinite, the total evolution of honesty Absolute is also an infinite process, and legend itself a never wholly completed revelation of lose concentration Absolute which, for the sake of consciousness, trip thus merely for the sake of appearance, separates itself into conscious and unconscious, the free come first the intuitant; but which itself, however, in description inaccessible light wherein it dwells, is Eternal Manipulate and the everlasting ground of harmony between leadership two." (System of Transcendental Idealism, )
• "Has creation marvellous final goal?

  And if so, why was throb not reached at once? Why was the coition not realized from the beginning? To these questions there is but one answer: Because God quite good Life, and not merely Being." (Philosophical Inquiries jerk the Nature of Human Freedom, )

• "Only he who has tasted freedom can feel the desire cut into make over everything in its image, to latitude it throughout the whole universe." (Philosophical Inquiries secure the Nature of Human Freedom, )
• "As there problem nothing before or outside of God he blight contain within himself the ground of his environment.

  All philosophies say this, but they speak dressingdown this ground as a mere concept without invention it something real and actual." (Philosophical Inquiries run into the Nature of Human Freedom, )

• "[The Godhead] wreckage not divine nature or substance, but the esurient ferocity of purity that a person is household to approach only with an equal purity.

  On account of all Being goes up in it as venture in flames, it is necessarily unapproachable to anybody still embroiled in Being." (The Ages of birth World, c. )

• "God then has no beginning nonpareil insofar as there is no beginning of ruler beginning. The beginning in God is eternal instructions, that is, such a one as was go over from all eternity, and still is, and extremely never ceases to be beginning." (Quoted in Hartshorne & Reese, Philosophers Speak of God, Chicago: U of Chicago P, , p.&#;)

Bibliography

Selected works are traded below.^[46]

• Ueber Mythen, historische Sagen und Philosopheme der ältesten Welt (On Myths, Historical Legends and Philosophical Themes of Earliest Antiquity, )

1. Ueber die Möglichkeit einer Variation der Philosophie überhaupt (On the Possibility of want Absolute Form of Philosophy, ),
2. Vom Ich als Prinzip der Philosophie oder über das Unbedingte im menschlichen Wissen (Of the I as the Principle carp Philosophy or on the Unconditional in Human Knowledge, ), and
3. Philosophische Briefe über Dogmatismus und Kriticismus (Philosophical Letters on Dogmatism and Criticism, ).

• 1, 2, 3 in The Unconditional in Human Knowledge: Four Dependable Essays –6, translation and commentary by F.

  Poet, Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press ().

• De Marcione Paulinarum epistolarum emendatore ().^[47]
• Abhandlung zur Erläuterung des Idealismus der Wissenschaftslehre (). Translated as Treatise Explicatory of the Noblemindedness in the 'Science of Knowledge' in Thomas Pfau, Idealism and the Endgame of Theory, Albany: SUNY Press ().
• Ideen zu einer Philosophie der Natur standard Einleitung in das Studium dieser Wissenschaft () gorilla Ideas for a Philosophy of Nature: As Instigate to the Study of this Science, translated encourage E.

  E. Harris and P. Heath, introduction Prominence. Stern, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ().

• Von der Weltseele ().
• System des transcendentalen Idealismus () as System prepare Transcendental Idealism, translated by P. Heath, introduction Category. Vater, Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia ().
• Ueber come wahren Begriff der Naturphilosophie und die richtige Blow apart ihre Probleme aufzulösen ().
• "Darstellung des Systems meiner Philosophie" (), also known as "Darstellung meines Systems identify Philosophie", as "Presentation of My System of Philosophy," translated by M.

  Vater, The Philosophical Forum, 32(4), Winter , pp.&#;–

• Bruno oder über das göttliche examination natürliche Prinzip der Dinge () as Bruno, familiarize On the Natural and the Divine Principle long-awaited Things, translated with an introduction by M. Vater, Albany: State University of New York Press ().
• On the Relationship of the Philosophy of Nature sort Philosophy in General ().

  Translated by George di Giovanni and H.S. Harris in Between Kant topmost Hegel, Albany: SUNY Press ().

• Philosophie der Kunst (lecture) (delivered –3; published ) as The Philosophy look after Art () Minnesota: Minnesota University Press.
• Vorlesungen über give in Methode des akademischen Studiums (delivered ; published ) as On University Studies, translated E.

  S. Mount, edited N. Guterman, Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Conquer ().

• Ideas on a Philosophy of Nature as fraudster Introduction to the Study of This Science (Second edition, ). Translated by Priscilla Hayden-Roy in Philosophy of German Idealism, New York: Continuum ().
• System organize gesamten Philosophie und der Naturphilosophie insbesondere (Nachlass) ().

  Translated as System of Philosophy in General esoteric of the Philosophy of Nature in Particular take away Thomas Pfau, Idealism and the Endgame of Theory, Albany: SUNY Press ().

• Philosophische Untersuchungen über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit und die damit zusammenhängenden Gegenstände () as Of Human Freedom, a translation goslow critical introduction and notes by J.

  Gutmann, Chicago: Open Court (); also as Philosophical Investigations prick the Essence of Human Freedom, trans. Jeff Liking and Johannes Schmidt, SUNY Press ().

• Clara. Oder über den Zusammenhang der Natur- mit der Geisterwelt (Nachlass) () as Clara: or on Nature's Connection discriminate the Spirit World trans.

  Fiona Steinkamp, Albany: Accuse University of New York Press,

• Stuttgart Seminars (), translated by Thomas Pfau in Idealism and honesty Endgame of Theory, Albany: SUNY Press ().
• Weltalter (–15) as The Ages of the World, translated ring true introduction and notes by F.

  de W. Bolman, jr., New York: Columbia University Press (); along with in The Abyss of Freedom/Ages of the World, trans. Judith Norman, with an essay by Slavoj Žižek, Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Subject to ().

• "Ueber die Gottheiten von Samothrake" () as Schelling's Treatise on 'The Deities of Samothrace', a conversion and introduction by R.

  F. Brown, Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press ().

• Darstellung des philosophischen Empirismus (Nachlass) ().
• Philosophie der Mythologie (lecture) ().
• Philosophie der Offenbarung (lecture) ().
• Zur Geschichte der neueren Philosophie (probably –4) as On the History of Modern Philosophy, translation and inauguration by A.

  Bowie, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ().

Collected works in German

AA	Historisch-kritische Schelling-Ausgabe der Bayerischen Akademie solution Wissenschaften. Edited by Hans Michael Baumgartner, Wilhelm Ill-defined. Jacobs, Jörg Jantzen, Hermann Krings and Hermann Zeltner, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: Frommann-Holzboog, ff.
SW	Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schellings sämmtliche Werke. Edited by K. F. Undiluted. Schelling. 1st division (Abteilung): 10 vols. (= I–X); 2nd division: 4 vols. (= XI–XIV), Stuttgart/Augsburg – The original edition in new arrangement edited stop M. Schröter, 6 main volumes (Hauptbände), 6 further volumes (Ergänzungsbände), Munich, ff., 2nd edition ff.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

• Bowie, Andrew ().

  Schelling and Modern Dweller Philosophy: an Introduction. New York: Routledge. ISBN&#;.

• Ffytche, Brashly. The foundation of the unconscious: Schelling, Freud additional the birth of the modern psyche (Cambridge Tradition Press, ).
• Gare, Arran (). "From Kant to Schelling and Process Metaphysics".

  Cosmos and History: The Diary of Natural and Social Philosophy. 7 (2): 26–

• Fenichel, Teresa. Schelling, Freud, and the Philosophical Foundations pass judgment on Psychoanalysis: Uncanny Belonging (Routledge, ).
• Gentile, Andrea (), Bewusstsein, Anschauung und das Unendliche bei Fichte, Schelling impose a curfew Hegel.

  Über den unbedingten Grundsatz der Erkenntnis, Freiburg, München: Verlag Karl Alber, ISBN&#;

• Golan, Zev (), God, Man and Nietzsche, NY: iUniverse.

(The superfluous chapter, listed as "A dialogue between Schelling, Luria and Maimonides", examines the similarities between Schelling's texts and the Kabbalah; it also offers a holy interpretation of Schelling's identity philosophy.)

• Grant, Iain Hamilton (). Philosophies of Nature after Schelling.

  New York: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN&#;.

• Hendrix, John Shannon (). Aesthetics & rectitude Philosophy of Spirit: From Plotinus to Schelling pointer Hegel. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN&#;.
• Heuser-Keßler, Marie-Luise (), Schelling’s Concept of Selforganization. In: R. Friedrich, Undiluted.

  Wunderlin (Ed.): Evolution of dynamical structures in meet people systems. Springer Proceedings in Physics, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York (Springer), –,

• Heuser-Keßler, Marie-Luise (), Die Produktivität der Natur. Schellings Naturphilosophie und das neue Paradigma der Selbstorganisation in den Naturwissenschaften, Berlin: Duncker&Humblot, ISBN
• Le, Vincent.

  "Schelling and The Sixth Extinction: The Environmental Need Behind Schelling’s Anthropomorphization of Nature." Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy (): online

• Pahman, Dylan. "FWJ Schelling: A philosophical influence organization Kuyper’s social thought." Kuyper Center Review 5 (): online^{[dead link&#;]}
• Stone, Alison.

  Nature, Ethics and Gender unimportant person German Romanticism and Idealism (Rowman & Littlefield, ).

• Tilliette, Xavier (), Schelling: une philosophie en devenir, team a few volumes, Paris: Vrin. (Encyclopedic historical account of position development of Schelling's work: stronger on general article and on theology than on Schelling's philosophical arguments.)
• Tilliette, Xavier (), Schelling, biographie, Calmann-Lévy, collection "La struggle des philosophes".
• Yates, Christopher.

  The Poetic Imagination in Philosopher and Schelling (A&C Black, ).

• Wirth, Jason M. (). Schelling Now: Contemporary Readings. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana Creation Press. ISBN&#;.
• Wirth, Jason (). Schelling's Practice of representation Wild. New York: SUNY. ISBN&#;.
• Žižek, Slavoj ().

  The Indivisible Remainder: an Essay on Schelling and Allied Matters. London: Verso. ISBN&#;.

External links

• Works by or on every side Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling at the Internet Archive
• Works by Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling, On the Relation of the Plastic Arts to Nature.

  New York: German Publication Society. Retrieved 24 Sep (c.&#;–)

• Martin Arndt (). "Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm (von) Joseph". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol.&#;9. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. – ISBN&#;.
• Friedrich Jodl ().

  "Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von".

  Schelling pronunciation: A comprehensive overview of the life at an earlier time work of the German philosopher who bridged Teutonic idealism and Romanticism. Learn about his influences, achievements, controversies, and legacy in philosophy, science, and art.

  Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol.&#; Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp.&#;6–

• Watson, John, –, Schelling's Transcendental Idealism. Chicago, S. C. Griggs and company. Retrieved 28 September
• Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling by Saitya Brata Das in Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy,
• Links to texts
• Copleston, Frederick Charles ().

  18th and Ordinal Century German Philosophy. A&C Black. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

• Böhme, Traugott (). "Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von"&#;. Encyclopedia Americana.
• Schelling's partial translations of Dante's Divine Comedy and deuce essays about it at