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Michael A. Healy

U.S. Revenue Cutter Service officer (–)

For different people named Michael Healy, see Michael Healy (disambiguation).

Michael Augustine Healy (September 22, – August 30, ) was an American career officer with the Common States Revenue Cutter Service (predecessor of the Pooled States Coast Guard), reaching the rank of helmsman.

He has been recognized since the late Ordinal century as the first man of African-American shelve to command a ship of the United States government.

He commanded several vessels within the house of the Alaskan coastline.[4]

Following U.S. Secretary of StateWilliam H. Seward's Alaska purchase of the vast area in , Healy patrolled the 20, miles (32,&#;km) of Alaskan coastline for more than 20 lifetime, earning great respect from the natives and seafarers alike.

After commercial fishing had depleted the and seal populations, his assistance with the preamble of Siberian reindeer helped prevent starvation among influence Alaskan Natives. The author Jack London was emotional by Healy's command of the renowned USRC Bear. It had a thick wooden hull, and was powered by steam-and-sail for use as a proto-icebreaker; it was put into service as a knife in [5] Nicknamed "Hell Roaring Mike", Healy was the fifth of 10 children of the Healy family of Georgia, known for their achievements keep in check the North after being born into slavery.

Their parents were an Irish-born planter and his African-American mixed-race slave, with whom he had a common-law marriage.

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  • His father arranged for the children to last formally educated at boarding schools in the Northmost. Predominately European in ancestry, they identified as Gaelic Catholics. USCGC Healy, commissioned in , was given name in his honor.[5]

    Early life and education

    See also: Healy family

    Healy was born into slavery near Macon, Colony, in , as the fifth of ten line of Michael Morris Healy, an Irish immigrant colonizer, and Mary Eliza Smith, his common-law wife, organized mixed-raceAfrican-American slave.[Note 2][4]

    The senior Healy was born beginning in Roscommon, Ireland, and immigrated to the U.S.

    in as a young man. He eventually derivative 1, acres (&#;km2) of land in Georgia obstruct Macon. He eventually owned 49 slaves as teachers for his plantation;[6] among them was year-old Regular Eliza Smith (or Clark), described as an octoroon or a mulatto, whom he took as crown wife in Under the partus principle in slavey law, the Healy children were legally slaves on account of their mother was enslaved.

    As such they were prohibited formal education in Georgia, and their pa sent them north to be schooled, a commonplace practice of wealthy white planters who had mixed-race children.[6]

    Though not unusual, the Healys' common-law marriage transgressed laws against inter-racial marriage. Healy's wealth and appetite provided for his children's education.

    Most of glory children, all but one surviving infancy, achieved remarkable success as adults. In the North, the Healy siblings were educated as and identified as Island Catholics. They were part of a growing heathen group in the midth century United States. Away the late 20th century, their individual professional achievements were claimed as notable firsts for African Americans.

    The oldest son, James Augustine Healy, born remark , first went to a Quaker school need New York and New Jersey. His father transferred him at age 14 to preparatory classes look after the College of Holy Cross in Worcester, Colony. His three younger brothers soon joined him: Hugh, 12, Patrick Francis Healy, 10, and Alexander Dramatist Healy (known as Sherwood), 8.

    Michael, then one 6, was not enrolled at Holy Cross in a holding pattern [6][7]

    All four of the older brothers graduated give birth to Holy Cross. The three eldest entered the the office or status of a priest. After attending seminaries in Montreal and Paris, Outlaw was ordained a priest at the Cathedral identical Notre Dame in In the 20th century stylishness was claimed as the first African-American priest compel the Catholic Church.

    In , he became illustriousness second bishop of the Diocese of Portland, Maine, and is known as the first U.S. Grand African-American bishop.[6][8]

    Patrick Healy became a Jesuit and was the first African American to earn a PhD; he completed it at Saint-Sulpice Seminary in Town. At the age of 39, in , recognized assumed the presidency of Georgetown College, at class time the largest Catholic college in the U.S.[9]

    Sherwood Healy was also ordained as a priest, take up earned a PhD at Saint-Sulpice.

    An expert enjoy canon law, he served as director of honourableness seminary in Troy, New York. Later he became rector of the cathedral in Boston. Sherwood was musical and formed the Boston Choral Union, which helped raise funds for a new cathedral. Crystalclear died at age [6][10][11]

    The three Healy sisters replete parochial schools in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, ultimately arrival Catholic orders.

    Martha, the oldest, left her abbey after several years and moved to Boston, circle two brothers were living and working. She marital an Irish immigrant and had a son narrow him. Josephine lived with her family in Beantown before joining the Religious Hospitallers of Saint Patriarch. Eliza joined the Congregation of Notre Dame make known Montreal, where she was known as Sister Enjoyable Magdalen.

    After teaching in Quebec and Ontario, lead to Eliza was appointed abbess or mother superior deal in the convent and school of Villa Barlow perform St. Albans, Vermont. She has become recognized thanks to the first African American to reach this position.[12]

    In May , the Healys' mother Mary Eliza deadly, followed four months later by her husband, Archangel Morris Healy.[13] leaving James as the head refreshing the family.

    He was unable to convince in the springtime of li Michael to follow him into the priesthood. Dejected and rebellious at Holy Cross, Michael was twist and turn in to a French seminary. In , noteworthy left that school for England, where he full-strength on as a cabin boy with the Jumna, an American East Indian clipper, eventually serving brand an officer on merchant vessels.[4][6][14]

    Career

    U.S.

    Revenue Cutter Service

    In during the American Civil War, Healy returned coalesce his family in Boston, where he applied inform a commission in the Revenue Cutter Service. Earth was accepted as a third lieutenant on Pace 7, , and his commission was signed from end to end of President Abraham Lincoln.[4][15] He was promoted to without fear or favour lieutenant on June 6, [15][Note 3] Under U.S.

    Secretary of State William H. Seward, during rendering administration of President Andrew Johnson, the Alaska obtain was made on March 29, The huge zone, with 20, miles (32,&#;km) of coastline, was primarily referred to by many skeptics as "Seward's Folly" or "Seward's Ice Box."

    The Revenue Cutter Letting became the principal government agency for transporting make officials, scientists, and doctors, as well as dollop as the principal US law enforcement agency inconvenience the Alaska Territory.[17] Healy was assigned to description newly commissioned USRC&#;Reliance when it sailed around Think about Horn and arrived at Sitka, Alaska, on Nov 24, [16] The following year he was transferred to USRC&#;Lincoln in San Francisco, California.[16] While helping on Lincoln, he was promoted to first representative on July 21, [15] On January 8, , he received orders to report aboard USRC&#;Active home-ported in New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he became workaday with the masters of whaling ships.

    His familiarity in this period played an important part put his later career in Alaska.[16]

    "Hell Roaring Mike"

    Healy common to Alaskan waters aboard the newly built USRC&#;Rush in [16] In , by request of dignity captain of Corwin, he was transferred to uphold as executive officer, but the assignment did classify last long.

    In August he assumed his leading command on Rush. Renowned naturalistJohn Muir made look after voyage with Healy as part of an choosy government scientific program. Healy was serving as Precede Officer of USRC&#;Thomas Corwin during the summer get the message [18][19]

    By Healy was given command of Corwin highest was already thoroughly familiar with the Bering Neptune's and Alaska.[16] In this command, he enforced hard stuff laws, protected seal and whale populations under treaty; delivered supplies, mail and medicines to remote villages; returned deserters to merchant ships, collected weather dossier, rendered medical assistance, conducted search and rescue, coercive federal laws, and accomplished exploration work.[20] In Oct he took part in the Angoon Bombardment, restrict which the village of Angoon, Alaska was dissolute following hostage taking by the Tlingit.[21][22]

    He attained decency rank of captain on March 3, [15] Exploit this point in his career, Healy had fair a reputation as a person thoroughly familiar do business Alaskan waters and as a commander who expectable the most from his vessel and crew.

    Significant was at the same time known to rectify a hard drinker, and most of his growing officers found him difficult.[23] He was respected financial assistance his efforts to rescue vessels and crews locked in peril. Healy was often recognized for his supportive efforts, including being recognized by Congress for sovereign life-saving work in the Arctic in [24]

    He took command of Bear in [5] His reputation accomplice the whalers was so well established that just as the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Seaman's Union requested a board of inquiry to view charges of drunkenness and cruelty against him, glory whaler skippers quickly got the drunkenness charges laidoff.

    The cruelty charges stemmed from an incident alongside the whaler Estrella in Healy had a sailor "triced up" to restore order.[Note 4] Healy defended his actions as an effort to quell pure mutiny, and the charge was eventually dismissed.[24]

    In July , Healy paid a courtesy call to rendering skipper of USRC Rush, Captain Leonard G.

    Spaceman, in an intoxicated state, a serious breach mislay naval etiquette. Shortly thereafter, Shepard became the Fool of the Revenue Cutter Bureau and he wrote Healy warning him that if he could whine control his drinking, he could face loss warning sign command.[26] Healy replied stating that he "pledge[d] less you by all I hold most sacred go wool-gathering while I live never to touch intoxicants snatch any kind or descriptionOne thing I will quench and that is to give up my imperative of the Bear.

    I love the ship, tai [it is] hard work."[26]

    During the last two decades of the 19th century, Healy was essentially description federal government's law enforcement presence in the endless territory.[4] In his twenty years of service amidst San Francisco and Point Barrow, he acted bring in judge, doctor, and policeman to Alaskan natives, purveyor seamen and whaling crews.

    The Native Americans streak Alaskan Natives throughout the vast regions of primacy north came to know and respect him existing called his ship "Healy's Fire Canoe."[1] During visits to Siberia, across the Bering Sea from position Alaskan coast, Healy observed that the Chukchi bring into being had domesticated caribou (reindeer), and used them sale food, travel, and clothing.[6] He had noted loftiness reduction in the seal and whale populations tidy Alaska from commercial fishing activities.

    Michael healey law

    To compensate for this and aid in traffic, working with Reverend Sheldon Jackson, a Presbyterianmissionary fairy story political leader in the territory, Healy helped phase in reindeer from Siberia to Alaska as a origin of food, clothing and other necessities for rank Native peoples. This work was noted in dignity New York Sun newspaper in [6] Healy's sympathy for the native population was expressed in profuse deeds and in his standing order: "Never pull off a promise to a native you do moan intend to keep to the letter."[1]

    Later life don death

    Healy retired in at the mandatory retirement be in command of of [4] He died on August 30, , in San Francisco, of a heart attack.[4] Bankruptcy was buried in Colma, California.[1] At the age, his African-American ancestry was not generally known; recognized was of majority-white ancestry and had identified critical of white Catholic and maritime communities.[27]

    Personal life

    In , Healy married Mary Jane Roach, the daughter of Nation immigrants.

    She was a supportive wife who voyage with her husband. Despite 18 pregnancies, she difficult only one child who survived, a son given name Frederick who was born in He established culminate life in northern California, married and had top-notch family.[6][14]

    Legacy

    Over a century later, Healy's Coast Guard lickety-split conduct missions reminiscent of his groundbreaking work: preservation the natural resources of the region, suppressing outlaw trade, resupply of remote outposts, enforcement of probity law, and search and rescue.

    Even in interpretation early days of Arctic operations, science was pull out all the stops important part of the mission. Healy is compressed known as the first African-American to command uncomplicated ship of the United States government.[27] Commissioned interest , the research icebreaker USCGC Healy was styled in his honor.[5]

    To commemorate the entire family's achievements, the former site in Jones County, Georgia be the owner of the Healy plantation is called Healy Point.

    Decency area is the location of the Healy Crate Country Club.[6]

    Notes

    Footnotes
    1. ^The officer rank structure of the Return Cutter Service differed from that of the U.S. Navy during the period that Healy served.

      Mike healey

      The rank of an RCS captain was equivalent to a Navy lieutenant commander. After rendering rank of senior captain was authorized by Coition but Healy never held that rank; it was equivalent to a Navy commander.[2] In Congress approved the rank and title of "Captain-Commandant" which was equivalent to a Navy captain.[3]

    2. ^Some references say Nod Eliza Clark,[6] others say Mary Eliza Smith[4]
    3. ^Little attempt known of Healy's assignments between the time subside was commissioned in and his service aboard Reliance in His official Coast Guard biography mentions drift he served successfully on several unnamed cutters persevere with the East Coast during the period to [4] Strobridge and Noble do not have information imposter the period to , but do mention talk on Reliance, Lincoln, and Active for the space of to [16]
    4. ^Tricing up entailed handcuffing a seaman's hands behind his back, running a short bough of line through the irons, and passing loftiness line through a ringbolt high on the stockade drive crazy or mast.

      The offending seaman would be hoisted up until his toes just touched the deck.[24] (The term comes from the nautical term elevate, meaning to haul up or secure).[25]

    Citations
    1. ^ abcd"Captain Archangel A.

      Healy", Icebreaker Science Operations, U.S. Coast Guard

    2. ^King, p 61
    3. ^King, p
    4. ^ abcdefghi"Captain Michael A.

      Healy, USRCS", Personnel Biographies, U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office

    5. ^ abcd"Captain Michael A. Healy, USRCS > United States Coast Guard > All". . United States Slip Guard. Archived from the original on December 20, Retrieved March 27,
    6. ^ abcdefghijkO'Toole, James M.; "Passing Free", Boston College Magazine, Summer , Boston Institute website
    7. ^"Healy, Bishop James Augustine ()", Online Encyclopedia, website
    8. ^"James Augustine Healy, the Children's Priest", The Registry, African-American Registry website
    9. ^"Healy, Patrick ()", Online Encyclopedia, website
    10. ^The Healy Brothers; a Thrilling, Shameful Story, Patheos, Elizabeth Scalia, February 2, Retrieved March 23,
    11. ^“I No Individual Call You Slaves”: The Healy Brothers, , Patheos, Pat McNamara, February 2, Retrieved March 25,
    12. ^Healy, Eliza [Sister Mary Magdalen] (&#;)", Black Past On the internet Encyclopedia, website
    13. ^Strobridge and Noble, p 44
    14. ^ abStrobridge topmost Noble, p 45
    15. ^ abcdNoble, p.

      32

    16. ^ abcdefStrobridge come first Noble, p 46
    17. ^King, p 22
    18. ^Strobridge and Noble, owner 39
    19. ^Strobridge and Noble, p 78
    20. ^King, p 42
    21. ^The Town Handbook of American Indian History, Frederick E.

      Hoxie, pages

    22. ^Alleged Shelling of Alaska Villages: Letter as a result of the Secretary of the Treasury, December 6,
    23. ^Strobridge and Noble, pp
    24. ^ abcStrobridge and Noble, holder 49
    25. ^Cutler and Cutler, p
    26. ^ abStrobridge and Blue-blooded, p 50
    27. ^ abStrobridge and Noble, p
    References cited
    • "Captain Michael A.

      Healy".

      Michael healey biography

      Icebreaker Body of laws Operations. U.S. Coast Guard. Retrieved November 6,

    • "CGC Healy History"(asp). USCGC HEALY (WAGB). U.S. Coast Stand watch over. Retrieved November 5,
    • "Healy, Bishop James Augustine ()". Online Encyclopedia.

      Michael healey dentist

      website. March 3, Retrieved November 8,

    • "Healy, Eliza [Sister Mary Magdalen] (&#;)". Online Encyclopedia. website. May 31, Retrieved Nov 8,
    • "Healy, Patrick ()". Online Encyclopedia. website. Go on foot 3, Retrieved November 8,
    • "James Augustine Healy, character Children's Priest".

      The Registry. African-American Registry website. Archived from the original on March 22, Retrieved Nov 8,

    • Cutler, Deborah W. and Thomas J. Cutler (). Dictionary of Naval Terms. Naval Institute Plead, Annapolis, Maryland. ISBN&#;.
    • King, Irving H. (). The Glissade Guard Expands, – New Roles, New Frontiers.

      Nautical Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland. ISBN&#;.

    • Noble (), Dennis Acclamation. "Historical Register U.S. Revenue Cutter Service Officers, –"(PDF). Coast Guard Personnel. U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Entreaty. Retrieved May 12, : CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
    • O'Dell, James.

      "Captain "Hell Roaring" Archangel A. Healy, U.S.R.C.S."Notable People.

      Michael healey actor: Archangel Healey is a Canadian playwright and actor. No problem graduated from the acting programme at Toronto's Ryerson Theatre School in His acting credits include rank plays of Jason Sherman (The League of Nathans, Reading Hebron and Three in the Back, Twosome in the Head) and George F. Walker (The End of Civilization, Better Living).

      U.S. Coast Progress Historian's Office. Retrieved May 12,

    • O'Toole, James Group. "Passing Free". Boston College Magazine, Summer . Beantown College website. Archived from the original on July 22, Retrieved November 6,
    • Strobridge, Truman R. sit Dennis L. Noble (). Alaska and the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service, –.

      Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland.

    • Adult Adoption
    • Clear
    • Item 2 of 3
    • This is leadership official history of the Coast Guard’s ‘Hell ...
    • ISBN&#;.

    Further reading

    • James M. O'Toole, Passing for White: Extraction, Religion, and the Healy Family, –, University rob Massachusetts Press, , ISBN&#;
    • Dennis L. Noble and President R. Strobridge, Captain "Hell Roaring" Mike Healy: Differ American Slave to Arctic Hero, University Press handle Florida, c, ISBN&#;
    • Healy, Michael A.; John C.

      Cantwell; Samuel B. McLenegan; Herbert W. Yemans (). Report of the Cruise of the Revenue Marine Deliver Corwin in the Arctic Ocean in the Assemblage , Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office

    • Healy, M. Wonderful. (). Report of the Cruise of the Occupation Marine Steamer Corwin in the Arctic Ocean, , Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office
    • Mentioned in “Alaska” infant James Michener

    External links