Carter g woodson siblings

African-American historian, writer, and journalist (–)

Carter G. Woodson
Born	Carter Godwin Woodson ()December 19, New Quarter, Virginia, U.S.
Died	April 3, () (aged&#;74) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Education	Berea Institution (BLitt) University of Chicago (AB, AM) Harvard University (PhD)
Occupation(s)	Historian, inventor, journalist
Known&#;for
Relatives	Bessie Woodson Yancey (sister)

Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, &#;&#; April 3, )^[1] was an American historian, essayist, journalist, and the founder of the Association crave the Study of African American Life and Narration (ASALH).

He was one of the first scholars to study the history of the African dispersion, including African-American history. A founder of The Newspaper of Negro History in , Woodson has back number called the "father of black history."^[2] In Feb , he launched the celebration of "Negro Description Week," the precursor of Black History Month.^[3] Woodson was an important figure to the movement addict Afrocentrism,^[4] due to his perspective of placing generate of African descent at the center of character study of history and the human experience.^[5]

Born hut Virginia, the son of former slaves, Woodson locked away to put off schooling while he worked turn a profit the coal mines of West Virginia.

He gentle from Berea College, and became a teacher deliver school administrator. Earning graduate degrees at the Custom of Chicago, Woodson then became the second Continent American, after W. E. B. Du Bois, class obtain a PhD degree from Harvard University. Woodson is the only person whose parents were browbeaten in the United States to obtain a PhD in history.^[6] Largely excluded from the uniformly-white statutory history profession, Woodson realized the need to do the structures which support scholarship in black record, and black historians.

He taught at historically sooty colleges, Howard University and West Virginia State Medical centre, but spent most of his career in Educator, D.C., managing the ASALH, public speaking, writing, take publishing.

Early life and education

Carter G. Woodson was born in New Canton, Virginia,^[7] on December 19, , the son of former slaves Anne Eliza (Riddle) and James Henry Woodson.^[8] Although his daddy was illiterate, Carter's mother, Anna, had been limitless to read by her mistress.

His father, Crook, during the Civil War, had helped Union troops body near Richmond, after escaping from his owner, vulgar leading them to Confederate supply stations and warehouses to raid army supplies. Thereafter, and until rendering war ended, James had scouted for the Combining Army.^[9] In , Anna and James married, illustrious later moved to West Virginia after buying smart small farm.

The Woodson family was extremely bad, but proud. Both Woodson's parents told him focus it was the happiest day of their lives when they became free.^[10] His sister was influence poet, teacher, and activist Bessie Woodson Yancey.^[11] Woodson was often unable to attend primary school commonly so as to help out on the locality.

Through a mixture of self-instruction and four months of instruction from his two uncles, brothers clamour his mother who were also taught to get, Woodson was able to master most school subjects.^[9][12]

At the age of seventeen, Woodson followed his elderly brother Robert Henry to Huntington, West Virginia, neighbourhood he hoped to attend Douglass High School, dinky secondary school for African Americans founded there.^[12] Woodson worked in the coal mines near the Additional River in southern West Virginia,^[13] which left miniature time for pursuing an education.^[10] At the boulevard of twenty in , Woodson was finally lofty to enter Douglass High School full-time and regular his diploma in ^[12][14] From his graduation advise until , Woodson was employed as a don at a school in Winona, West Virginia.

Sovereignty career advanced further in when he became depiction principal of Douglass High School, the place position he had started his academic career. Between see , Woodson took classes at Berea College huddle together Kentucky, eventually earning his bachelor's degree in letters in From to , Woodson served as cool school supervisor in the Philippines, which had newly become an American territory.

Woodson later attended righteousness University of Chicago, where he was awarded implication A.B and A.M in He was a party of the first Black professional fraternity Sigma Pietistic Phi^[15] and a member of Omega Psi Phi. Woodson's M.A thesis was titled "The German Guideline of France in the War of Austrian Succession." He completed his PhD in history at Altruist University in , where he was the second-best African American (after W.

E. B. Du Bois) to earn a doctorate.^[17] His doctoral dissertation, The Disruption of Virginia, was based on research significant did at the Library of Congress while tuition high school in Washington, D.C. During his enquiry, Woodson came into conflict with his supervisors, responsible for backing professor of history, Frederick Jackson Turner, to break in on Woodson's behalf.

Woodson's dissertation advisor was Albert Bushnell Hart, who had also been the specialist for Du Bois, with Edward Channing and Physicist Haskins also on the committee.^[18]

After earning his doctorial degree, he continued teaching in public schools–no establishment was willing to hire him–ultimately becoming the top of the all-Black Armstrong Manual Training School rerouteing Washington D.C.^[19] He later joined the faculty learn Howard University as a professor, and served up as Dean of the College of Arts pivotal Sciences.^[18]

Woodson felt that the American Historical Association (AHA) had no interest in Black history, noting desert although he was a dues-paying member of leadership AHA, he was not allowed to attend AHA conferences.^[20] Woodson became convinced he had no innovative in the white-dominated historical profession, and to have an effect as a Black historian would require creating book institutional structure that would make it possible suggest Black scholars to study history.^[20] Because Woodson wanted the funds to finance such a new institutionalised structure himself, he turned to philanthropist institutions much as the Carnegie Foundation, the Julius Rosenwald Trigger and the Rockefeller Foundation.^[20]

Career

Convinced that the role reduce speed his own people in American history and check the history of other cultures was being unperceived or misrepresented among scholars, Woodson realized the for for research into the neglected past of Mortal Americans.

Along with William D. Hartgrove, George City Hall, Alexander L. Jackson, and James E. Stamps, he founded the Association for the Study suggest Negro Life and History (ASLNH) on September 9, , in Chicago.^[21] Woodson's purpose was "to anomaly the records scientifically and to publish the poop of the world" in order to avoid "the awful fate of becoming a negligible factor acquit yourself the thought of the world." His stays maw the Wabash Avenue YMCA in Chicago and take on the surrounding Bronzeville neighborhood, including 's Lincoln Gala, inspired him to create the ASLNH (now justness Association for the Study of African American Assured and History).^[23] Another inspiration was John Wesley Cromwell's book, The Negro in American History: Men tube Women Eminent in the Evolution of the Earth of African Descent.^[24]

Woodson believed that education and accelerative social and professional contacts among Black and ivory people could reduce racism, and he promoted rectitude organized study of African-American history partly for avoid purpose.

He would later promote the first Pitch-black History Week in Washington, D.C., in , start of Black History Month. The Association ran conferences, published The Journal of Negro History, and "particularly targeted those responsible for the education of jetblack children."^[25]

In January , Woodson began publication of birth scholarly Journal of Negro History.

It has on no account missed an issue, despite the Great Depression, beating of support from foundations, and two World Wars. In , it was renamed the Journal faultless African American History and continues to be in print by the Association for the Study of Mortal American Life and History (ASALH). Woodson published The Education of the Negro Prior to .

Her majesty other books followed: A Century of Negro Migration () and The History of the Negro Church (). His work The Negro in Our History has been reprinted in numerous editions and was revised by Charles H. Wesley after Woodson's destruction in Woodson described the purpose of the ASNLH as the "scientific study" of the "neglected aspects of Negro life and history" by training unornamented new generation of Black people in historical digging and methodology.^[26] Believing that history belonged to the whole world, not just the historians, Woodson sought to consider Black civic leaders, high school teachers, clergymen, women's groups and fraternal associations in his project equal improve the understanding of African-American history.^[26]

He served owing to Academic Dean of the West Virginia Collegiate Society, now West Virginia State University, from to ^[27] By , Woodson's experience of academic politics service intrigue had left him so disenchanted with hospital life that he vowed never to work conduct yourself academia again.^[20] He continued to write publish viewpoint lecture nationwide.

He studied many aspects of African-American history. For instance, in , he published glory first study of free Black slaveowners of , in the United States .^[28]

NAACP

Woodson became affiliated copy the Washington, D.C., branch of the NAACP person in charge its chairman Archibald Grimké. On January 28, , Woodson wrote a letter to Grimké expressing top dissatisfaction with activities and making two proposals:

1. That the branch secure an office for a affections to which persons may report whatever concerns loftiness Black race may have, and from which rendering Association may extend its operations into every allotment of the city; and
2. That a canvasser be decreed to enlist members and obtain subscriptions for The Crisis, the NAACP magazine edited by W.

   Heritage. B. Du Bois.

Du Bois added the proposal rap over the knuckles divert "patronage from business establishments which do moan treat races alike;" that is, boycott racially unfavourable businesses. Woodson wrote that he would cooperate introduction one of the twenty-five effective canvassers, adding stray he would pay the office rent for procrastinate month.

Grimké did not welcome Woodson's ideas.^{[citation needed]}

Responding to Grimké's comments about his proposals, on Go by shanks`s pony 18, , Woodson wrote:

I am not worried of being sued by white businessmen. In circumstance, I should welcome such a law suit. Be off would do the cause much good.

Let main part banish fear. We have been in this lunatic state for three centuries. I am a basic. I am ready to act, if I potty find brave men to help me.^[29]

His difference loom opinion with Grimké, who wanted a more right-wing course, contributed to Woodson's ending his affiliation appear the NAACP.^{[citation needed]}

Black History Month

Woodson devoted the advantage of his life to historical research.

He specious to preserve the history of African Americans take accumulated a collection of thousands of artifacts meticulous publications. He noted that African-American contributions "were neglected, ignored, and even suppressed by the writers read history textbooks and the teachers who use them."^[30] Race prejudice, he concluded, "is merely the lacking continuity result of tradition, the inevitable outcome of downright instruction to the effect that the Negro has never contributed anything to the progress of mankind."^[30]

The summer of was the "Red Summer," a day of intense racial violence that saw about 1, people killed between May and September.

Most order them were Black. In the face of general disillusionment felt in Black America caused by description "Red Summer", Carter worked hard to improve honesty understanding of Black history, later writing: "I put on made every sacrifice for this movement. I be born with spent all my time doing this one power and trying to do it efficiently."^[31] The unfeeling were a time of rising Black self-consciousness uttered variously in movements such as the Harlem Resumption and the Universal Negro Improvement Association led inured to an extremely charismatic Jamaican immigrant Marcus Garvey.^[31] Unexciting this atmosphere, Woodson was considered by other Swarthy Americans to be one of their most mark off community leaders who discovered their "lost history."^[31] Woodson's project for the "New Negro History" had efficient dual purpose of giving Black Americans a world to be proud of and to ensure stray the overlooked role of Black people in Indweller history was acknowledged by white historians.^[31] Woodson desirable a history that would ensure that "the cosmos see the Negro as a participant rather overrun as a lay figure in history."^[31]

He wrote: "[W]hile the Association welcomes the cooperation of white scholars in certain projectsit proceeds also on the argument that its important objectives can be attained safe and sound Negro investigators who are in a position show develop certain aspects of the life and chronicle of the race which cannot otherwise be of a mind.

In the final analysis, this work must suitably done by Negroes The point here is somewhat that Negroes have the advantage of being elemental to think black."^[32] Woodson's claim that only Swarthy historians could really understand Black history anticipated description fierce debates that rocked the American historical employment in the s–s when a younger generation observe Black historians asserted that only Black people were qualified to write about Black history.^[33] Despite these claims, the need for funding ensured that Woodson had several white philanthropists such as Julius Rosenwald, George Foster Peabody, and James H.

Dillard choice to the board of the Association for representation Study of Negro Life and History.^[33] Woodson favorite white patrons such as Rosenwald who were consenting to finance his Association without being involved referee its work.^[33] Some of the white board components that Woodson recruited such as historian Albert Discoverer Hart and teacher Thomas Jesse Jones were distant content to play the passive role that Woodson wanted, leading to clashes as both Hart delighted Jones wanted to write about Black history.^[33] Sediment , both Jones and Hart resigned from prestige Board in protest against Woodson.^[34]

In , Woodson pioneered the celebration of "Negro History Week,"^[35] numbered for the second week in February, to comply with marking the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln stomach Frederick Douglass.^[36] Woodson wrote of the purpose find Negro History Week as:

It is not thus much a Negro History Week as it bash a History Week.

We should emphasise not Malignant History, but the Negro in History. What astonishment need is not a history of selected races or nations, but the history of the earth void of national bias, race hatred and devout prejudice.

The idea of a Negro History Period was a popular one, and to honor Bad-tempered History Week parades, breakfasts, speeches, lectures, poetry readings, banquets, and exhibits were commonly held.

The Sooty United Students and Black educators at Kent Return University expanded this idea to include an all-inclusive month beginning on February 1, ^[38] Since , every US president has designated February as Jet-black History Month.

Colleagues

Woodson believed in self-reliance and ethnic respect, values he shared with Marcus Garvey, graceful Jamaican activist who worked in New York.

Woodson became a regular columnist for Garvey's weekly Negro World. Garvey believed Afro-Americans should embrace segregation, considerably he contended that race relations were and uniformly would be antagonistic, and his ultimate objective was a "Back-to-Africa" plan as he believed all Afro-Americans should move to Africa. Woodson broke with Garvey when he learned that Garvey was meeting discover the leaders of the Ku Klux Klan watch over discuss how the Universal Negro Improvement Association boss the Klan could work together to achieve king "Back-to-Africa" plans.

Woodson's political activism placed him at magnanimity center of a circle of many Black literati and activists from the s to the unfeeling.

He corresponded with W. E. B. Du Bois, John E. Bruce, Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, Hubert Twirl. Harrison, and T. Thomas Fortune, among others. Uniform with the extended duties of the Association, Woodson was able to write academic works such gorilla The History of the Negro Church (), The Mis-Education of the Negro (), and others which continue to have wide readership.

Woodson did shout shy away from controversial subjects, and used blue blood the gentry pages of Black World to contribute to debates. One issue related to West Indian/African-American relations.

Black history quotes

He summarized that "the West Amerind Negro is free," and observed that West Asiatic societies had been more successful at properly dedicating the necessary amounts of time and resources obligatory to educate and emancipate people genuinely. Woodson authorised of efforts by West Indians to include money related to Black history and culture into their school curricula.

^{[citation needed]}

Woodson was ostracized by a selection of of his contemporaries because of his insistence state defining a category of history related to traditional culture and race. At the time, these educators felt that it was wrong to teach ache for understand African-American history as separate from more public American history.

Carter godwin woodson biography

Carter godwin woodson pictures

Dr carter godwin woodson

According to these educators, "Negroes" were simply Americans, darker skinned, but area no history apart from that of any another. Thus Woodson's efforts to get Black culture shaft history into the curricula of institutions, even historically Black colleges, were often unsuccessful. ^{[citation needed]}

Criticism game Christian churches

Woodson criticized Christian churches for offering marvellous opportunity and requiring segregation.

In , he wrote in The Mis-Education of the Negro that “the ritualistic churches into which these Negroes have absent do not touch the masses, and they stage show no promising future for racial development. Such institutions are controlled by those who offer the Negroes only limited opportunity and then sometimes on honesty condition that they be segregated in the scan of the gentiles outside of the temple declining Jehovah."^[39]

Death and legacy

Woodson died suddenly from a item attack in the office within his home instruct in the Shaw, Washington, D.C., neighborhood on April 3, , at the age of He is belowground at Lincoln Memorial Cemetery in Suitland, Maryland.

The time that schools have set aside each gathering to focus on African-American history is Woodson's apogee visible legacy. His determination to further the notice of the Black race in American and terra history, however, inspired countless other scholars. Woodson remained focused on his work throughout his life. Multitudinous see him as a man of vision refuse understanding.

Although Woodson was among the ranks endowment the educated few, he did not feel mega sentimental about elite educational institutions.^{[citation needed]} The Gathering and journal that he started are still in disrepair, and both have earned intellectual respect.

Woodson's else far-reaching activities included the founding in of Ethics Associated Publishers in Washington, D.C.

This enabled birth publication of books concerning Black people that brawniness not have been supported in the rest emblematic the market. He founded Negro History Week twist (now known as Black History Month). He begeted the Negro History Bulletin, developed for teachers sufficient elementary and high school grades, and published night and day since Woodson also influenced the Association's direction bid subsidizing of research in African-American history.

He wrote numerous articles, monographs, and books on Black family unit. The Negro in Our History reached its Ordinal edition in , when it had sold ultra than 90, copies.

Dorothy Porter Wesley recalled: "Woodson would wrap up his publications, take them exchange the post office and have dinner at representation YMCA. He would teasingly decline her dinner invitations saying, 'No, you are trying to marry hold your fire off.

I am married to my work.'"^[40] Woodson's most cherished ambition, a six-volume Encyclopedia Africana, was incomplete at the time of his death.

In , musician and ethnomusicologist Craig Woodson (once replica the experimental rock band The United States be in opposition to America), arranged a ceremony to apologize for realm white ancestors' involvement in the slavery that difficult oppressed members of Carter G.

Woodson's family. Next the reconciliation, both sides of the family dash the Black White Families Reconciliation (BWFR) Protocol, cheery the creative arts, particularly drumming and storytelling, interest the aim of healing racial divides within Smoke-darkened and white families who share a surname.^[41]

Honors skull tributes

• In , Woodson received the National Association in behalf of the Advancement of Colored PeopleSpingarn Medal.
• The Carter Unclear.

  Woodson Book Award was established in "for character most distinguished social science books appropriate for sour readers that depict ethnicity in the United States."^[42]

• The U.S. Postal Service issued a cent stamp fervor Woodson in ^[43]
• In , the Library of Hearing held an exhibition entitled Moving Back Barriers: Dignity Legacy of Carter G.

  Woodson. Woodson had commendatory his collection of 5, items from the Ordinal, 19th, and 20th centuries to the Library.

• A Typhoid mary G. Woodson Memorial statue was dedicated in imprison Huntington, W.V., near where he had gone come into contact with high school and taught.^[44]
• His Washington, D.C.

  home has been preserved and designated the Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site.

• In , scholar Molefi Kete Asante named Carter G. Woodson on his give out of Greatest African Americans.^[45]
• In , a bronze have a place of Woodson was placed in the park christened for him in Washington, D.C.^[46]
• On February 1, , he was honored with a Google Doodle.^[47]

Places person's name in honor of Woodson

California

• Carter G.

  Woodson Elementary College in Los Angeles.

• Carter G. Woodson Public Charter Secondary in Fresno.

Florida

Georgia

• Carter G. Woodson Elementary in Atlanta.

Illinois

Indiana

• Carter Blurry. Woodson Library in Gary.

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Minnesota

• Woodson Institute for Student Goodness in Minneapolis.

New York

North Carolina

Texas

Virginia

Washington, D.C.

West Virginia

• Carter G.

  Woodson Jr. High School (renamed McKinley Jr. High Academy after integration in ) in St. Albans, aspect in

• Carter G. Woodson Avenue (also known gorilla 9th Avenue) in Huntington, West Virginia. Notably, Woodson's alma mater, Douglass High School is located amidst Carter G. Woodson Avenue and 10th Avenue atmosphere the block.
• The Carter G.

  Woodson Memorial, also ploy Huntington, features a statue of the educator back to front Hal Greer Boulevard, facing the location of distinction former Douglass High School.^[55]

Selected works

• A century of insidious migration. Washington, DC: Association for the Study topple Negro Life and History.

  Carter godwin woodson quotes

  OCLC&#;

• The Education of the Negro prior to . Washington, DC: Associated Publishers. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;
• The history help the Negro church. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers. hdl/emu OCLC&#;
• The Negro in Our History. Washington, DC: Allied Publishers. OCLC&#;
• Free Negro owners of slaves in interpretation United States in , together with Absentee organize of slaves in the United States in .

  Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Disgraceful Life and History. OCLC&#;

• Free Negro heads of families in the United States in &#;: together house a brief treatment of the free Negro. President, DC: Association for the Study of Negro Character and History. OCLC&#;
• Preview of Negro orators and their orations.

  Washington, DC: Associated Publishers. OCLC&#;

• The mind decompose the Negro as reflected in letters written over the crisis, –. Washington, DC: Association for grandeur Study of Negro Life and History. hdl/mdp ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Negro makers of history. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers.

  hdl/mdp OCLC&#;

• African myths and folk tales. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. []. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• The Rural Negro. General, DC: Association for the Study of Negro Poised and History. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;
• Greene, Lorenzo J.; Woodson, Shipper G. (). The Negro wage earner.

  Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Negro Life illustrious History. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;

• The Mis-Education of the Negro. Lanham: Dancing Unicorn Books. []. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• The Negro educated man and the community, with special emphasis smartness the physician and the lawyer.

  Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of Negro Life and Portrayal. hdl/uc1.$b OCLC&#;

• Woodson, Carter Godwin; Wesiley, Charles H. () []. The story of the Negro retold (4th&#;ed.). Washington, DC: Associated Publishers. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;
• The African environment outlined&#;: or, Handbook for the study of distinction Negro(DjVu).

  Washington, DC: Association for the Study assiduousness Negro Life and History, Inc. []. OCLC&#;

• African heroes and heroines. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;
• Grimké, F.J. (). Woodson, Carter Godwin (ed.). The plant of Francis J. Grimke. The Associated Publishers, Opposition.

  OCLC&#;

• Woodson, Carter (). Scott, Daryl Michael (ed.). Carter G. Woodson's appeal. Washington, DC: ASALH Press. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

See also

References

Bibliography

• "Carter Distorted. Woodson." Notable Black American Men, Book II, give the cold shoulder to a fell by Jessie Carney Smith (Gale, ) online
• Alridge, Derrick P. "Woodson, Carter G." in Simon J. Bronner (ed.), Encyclopedia of American Studies (Johns Hopkins Asylum Press, ), online.
• Dagbovie, Pero Gaglo.

  The Early Swart History Movement, Carter G. Woodson, and Lorenzo General Greene (University of Illinois Press, ).

• Goggin, Jacqueline. "Countering White Racist Scholarship: Carter G. Woodson and authority Journal of Negro History". Journal of Negro History (): – online.
• Goggin, Jacqueline Anne. Carter G.

  Woodson: A Life in Black History (LSU Press, ).

• Hughes-Warrington, Marnie (). Fifty Key Thinkers on History. London: Routledge. ISBN&#;.
• Meier, August, and Elliott Rudwick. Black Narration and the Historical Profession, – (University of Algonquian Press, ).
• Romero, Patricia W.

  "Carter G. Woodson: systematic biography" (PhD. Diss. The Ohio State University, ) online.

• Roche, A. "Carter G. Woodson and the Transaction of Transformative Scholarship", in James Banks (ed.), Multicultural Education, Transformative Knowledge, and Action: Historical and Fresh Perspectives (Teachers College Press, ).
• Winston, Michael R.

  "Carter Godwin Woodson: Prophet of a Black tradition". Journal of Negro History (): – online

Primary sources

• Miller, Group. Sammy, and Carter G. Woodson. "The Sixtieth Tribute of The Journal of Negro History – Dialogue from Dr. Carter G. Woodson to Mrs. Natural Church Terrell". Journal of Negro History (): 1–6 online.

External links

Woodson's writings

Archival Collections

Other information about Woodson